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Zinc Addition Calculator

Sluggish, stalling fermentations are often short on zinc — malt rarely supplies enough, and as much as half of what's there can drop out with the break. Punch in your batch size and target, and it works out the food-grade zinc sulfate addition, in grams, for heptahydrate or monohydrate. Just remember zinc is potent in both directions: a little fixes a tired fermentation, too much poisons the yeast.

Wort volume
Target Zn (mg/L)
Zn to add (mg/L)
Elemental Zn
vs. 0.2–0.6 band
The batch

How much wort?

The target

Zinc you're aiming to add.

mg/L
00.20.40.60.8
Healthy band (0.2–0.6 mg/L) Your target

mg/L and ppm are the same thing here. Around 0.5 mg/L is a common all-round figure for a clean, complete fermentation.

Where you add it

Into the boil, or at pitching?

A decision you make before brewing, and it sets the dose. The boil addition is the usual reference: it meets the hot and cold break, where up to about half binds to the trub and drops out. Add the same zinc to the fermenter at pitching, after the break has settled, and almost none is lost — so you only need about half as much.

Break loss
50%
Refine the target — optional

Count what the malt brings.

Count malt's contribution
Most all-malt worts carry roughly 0.1 mg/L of zinc into the fermenter from the grain itself. Counting it reduces the addition needed. Off by default.
mg/L

The addition

Food-grade zinc sulfate
22.7% Zn
Heptahydrate
ZnSO₄·7H₂O · 287.56 g/mol
36.4% Zn
Monohydrate
ZnSO₄·H₂O · 179.47 g/mol

Elemental Zn added
Addition rate
Target rate
Lost to break
Easier dosing — optional

Dose from a stock solution.

At homebrew scale the addition is only tens of milligrams — fiddly to weigh accurately. Far easier: weigh out a larger, comfortable amount of zinc sulfate once, dissolve it in water, and dose a measured volume with a syringe. Dissolve N g in 1 L and every millilitre carries N mg of salt — so the dose is just the weight you need divided by the strength.

g/L
Heptahydrate — dose
Monohydrate — dose
1 L of stock covers

Build the stock from whichever salt you'll dose — the two differ in zinc content. Stir until clear and keep it capped; it's stable for weeks. Pick a strength that lands the dose in an easy-to-read range, a few millilitres to a few tens. A concentrated zinc stock is more hazardous than the wort, so label it clearly. At commercial scale, where the addition is already several grams, it's usually simpler to weigh it straight.

How it's worked out

Zinc is an essential yeast nutrient — it drives enzyme activity through alcohol dehydrogenase and supports healthy growth and attenuation. A deficient wort shows up as a lagging, incomplete fermentation. Malt supplies only about 0.1 mg/L, while a clean, complete ferment generally wants 0.2–0.6 mg/L in the wort, so a small supplement is common — usually food-grade zinc sulfate.

The elemental zinc you need is simply Zn (mg) = addition (mg/L) × volume (L). Each compound is only part zinc by weight: zinc's atomic mass is 65.38 g/mol, so for the heptahydrate (287.56 g/mol) zinc is 65.38 ÷ 287.56 = 22.7%, and for the monohydrate (179.47 g/mol) it's 65.38 ÷ 179.47 = 36.4%. The salt to weigh out is the elemental zinc divided by that fraction: grams = Zn(mg) ÷ %Zn ÷ 1000. Worked example — 30 hL at 0.5 mg/L is 1,500 mg Zn, which is 6.6 g of heptahydrate or 4.1 g of monohydrate.

The target above is the zinc addition rate, taken as a boil addition — the common reference. Where you add it sets the dose. A boil addition meets the hot and cold break, and up to ~50% settles out with the trub, so the boil figure already carries that allowance. Add the same zinc at pitching, after the break has dropped, and almost none is lost — so you need only the share that would have survived, about half. Boil dose = target; pitching dose = target × (1 − loss). Counting malt's ~0.1 mg/L subtracts first, so the addition is (target − malt) for the boil, times (1 − loss) at pitching.

Zinc is toxic to yeast in excess. The healthy band is narrow, so weigh additions on an accurate scale rather than eyeballing — these are gram-and-fractions-of-a-gram quantities. Use food-grade material, and add it to the kettle so it disperses fully. Figures here are estimates; trust your own fermentation performance over any single number.

Zinc Addition Calculator · A brewer's working tool
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Food-grade ZnSO₄ · verify against your own fermentations

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